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Tourism Shocks and Dutch Disease in Island Micro-States: The Maldives’ Post-COVID Trap

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Abstract

Using a structural VAR on quarterly data (2005-2023), we trace how a 92 % collapse in tourist arrivals triggered a 41 % real exchange-rate appreciation, crowding out tuna exports. Counterfactual simulations indicate that a sovereign wealth fund seeded at 8 % of tourism GDP could have sterilized 60 % of the shock. The paper provides a blueprint for tourism-dependent economies to decouple from FX volatility.

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